From 242f99fd9f6ad11283b4ef2fc289131a2c13f96b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Louis Oliphant <ltoliphant@wisc.edu>
Date: Thu, 12 Sep 2024 12:03:18 -0500
Subject: [PATCH] working on lecture 5 notebook
---
.../Lec_05_Using_Functions.ipynb | 490 ++++++++++++
...05_Using_Functions_Solution_Oliphant.ipynb | 696 ++++++++++++++++++
2 files changed, 1186 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 f24/Louis_Lecture_Notes/05_Using_Functions/Lec_05_Using_Functions.ipynb
create mode 100644 f24/Louis_Lecture_Notes/05_Using_Functions/Lec_05_Using_Functions_Solution_Oliphant.ipynb
diff --git a/f24/Louis_Lecture_Notes/05_Using_Functions/Lec_05_Using_Functions.ipynb b/f24/Louis_Lecture_Notes/05_Using_Functions/Lec_05_Using_Functions.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd80a05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/f24/Louis_Lecture_Notes/05_Using_Functions/Lec_05_Using_Functions.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,490 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Warmup"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Warmup 1 \n",
+ "# Create 3 variables.\n",
+ "# Assign each one a data value of a different type.\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Warmup 2\n",
+ "# Use the debugger to view these three variables\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Warmup 3\n",
+ "# Write expressions that meet the following criteria:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# exp 1 -- use the \"or\" operator that prevents division by zero\n",
+ "# using short-circuiting\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# exp 2 -- use the \"and\" operator that prevents division by zero\n",
+ "# using short-circuiting\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Warmup 4\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# For each of the following commented-out lines of code,\n",
+ "# uncomment only those that use allowed variable names\n",
+ "# For the ones you leave commented-out, state why it is not allowed\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# fungi = \"morel\"\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# age@middle_school = 12\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# ugly.duckling = True\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# bucky-badger = \"Winner\"\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# true = \"Happy\"\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# is_detectable = fungi == \"morel\" and not 3 <= 2.1\n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Reminder\n",
+ "\n",
+ "* a **literal values** are when you type the value yourself (e.g. `\"hello\"`, `3.14`, `True`)\n",
+ "* a **variable** is a named memory location that stores a value that can change as the program runs -- know the rules for variable names (also use meaninful names)\n",
+ "* An **assignment statement** is of the form `variable = expression`\n",
+ "* **Errors** can be divided into three categories:\n",
+ " * Syntax errors\n",
+ " * Runtime errors\n",
+ " * Semantic errors\n",
+ "* **Jupyterlab features**: use debugger to view kernel state, ways of running Python code, shortcuts"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Python Variable Names\n",
+ "*Python* requires that variables...\n",
+ " - Only use letters a-z (upper and lower), numbers, and underscores.\n",
+ " - Don’t start with a number\n",
+ " - Don’t use Python keywords (e.g., `and`, `False`, etc)\n",
+ " \n",
+ "In addition, *CS220 Course Staff* ask that variables...\n",
+ " - Only use the English alphabet and numbers\n",
+ " - Use snake_case for variable names (as opposed to camelCase or PascalCase)\n",
+ " - Make variable names *meaningful*\n",
+ " \n",
+ "Python won't run for the first set of rules; CS220 course staff will take off points for the second set of rules."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Warmup 2\n",
+ "# Decide if the following variables are valid in Python.\n",
+ "# Write VALID or INVALID next to them.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# my.name = \"Meena\"\n",
+ "# 1st_place = \"Andy\"\n",
+ "# stop&go = False \n",
+ "# False = 100 \n",
+ "# end_game = True"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Warmup 3\n",
+ "print(True and not False) # Write your prediction here!\n",
+ "print(type((5 // 1.2))) # Write your prediction here!\n",
+ "print(1 <= 2 and \"a\" < \"A\") # Write your prediction here!\n",
+ "print(1 <= 2 or \"a\" < \"A\") # Write your prediction here!\n",
+ "print(len(\"2\") + 1) # Write your prediction here!"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Warmup 4\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculate how old a dog is in dog years given the year they were born\n",
+ "# 1 year is equal to 7 dog years!\n",
+ "# e.g. a dog born in 2019 is 28 years old (7 * 4)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "year_born = 2017\n",
+ "dog_years = ???\n",
+ "print(\"Your dog is \" + str(dog_years) + \" years old!\")"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Warmup 5\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Given the number of seconds, compute the number of hours, minutes, and seconds.\n",
+ "# e.g. if seconds is 65, the correct output (with \\n in-between) is 0 1 5\n",
+ "# e.g. if seconds is 192, the correct output (with \\n in-between) is 0 3 12\n",
+ "# e.g. if seconds is 3739, the correct output (with \\n in-between) is 1 2 19\n",
+ "\n",
+ "seconds = 3739\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# CS220: Lecture 05\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "## Learning Objectives\n",
+ "\n",
+ "- Call `input()` to accept and process string input\n",
+ "- Call type cast functions to convert to appropriate type: `int()`, `bool()`, `float()`, `str()`\n",
+ " - Concatenate values onto strings within a print function by converting to `str()`\n",
+ "- Using correct vocabulary, explain a function call\n",
+ " - call/invoke, parameter, argument, keyword (named) arguments, return value\n",
+ "- Use `sep`, `end` keyword arguments with the print() function\n",
+ "- Use some common built-in functions such as round(), abs()\n",
+ "- import functions from a built-in module using `import`, `from`\n",
+ "- Call functions in modules using the attribute operator `.`"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Vocabulary\n",
+ "\n",
+ "| Term | Definition |\n",
+ "| :- | :- |\n",
+ "| function definition | a grouping of lines of code; a way for us to tell our program to run that entire group of code |\n",
+ "| call / invoke | a statement that instructs the program to run all the lines of code in a function definition, and then come back afterward |\n",
+ "| parameter | variable that receives input to function |\n",
+ "| argument | value sent to a function (lines up with parameter) |\n",
+ "| keyword (named) argument | argument explicitly tied to a parameter |\n",
+ "| return value | function output sent back to calling code |"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Previously Used Functions.\n",
+ "We have used functions before! Namely `print`, `type`, and `len`.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "What parameters did they have; what arguments did we send them?"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "print(\"hello world\")\n",
+ "print(len(\"apples\"))\n",
+ "print(type(1 < 2))"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Let's take a closer look at the `print` function.\n",
+ " 1. Use the [official Python reference](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print)\n",
+ " 2. Use the [w3schools reference](https://www.w3schools.com/python/ref_func_print.asp)\n",
+ " 3. Use the `help` function"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "help(print)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "print(\"1\", \"two\", \"3!\")"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Can you add a keyword argument that will connect the names with the word 'and'?\n",
+ "print('Bob', 'Alice', 'Dylan', 'Gretchen')"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Can you add a keyword argument that will make the output appear on a single line?\n",
+ "print('Good')\n",
+ "print('Morning!')"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Guess what will get printed\n",
+ "print(\"hello\", \"world\", sep = \"|\", end = \";\\n\")\n",
+ "print(\"its\", \"so\", \"cold\", sep = \"^\", end = \"...\\n\")\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"*\" * 4, \"#\" * 6, sep = \"\\t\", end = \"<END>\")\n",
+ "print(\"*\" * 6, \"#\" * 8, sep = \"||\", end = \"<END>\")\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"\\n\", end = \"\")"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Type Conversion Functions\n",
+ "\n",
+ "| Function | Purpose |\n",
+ "| :- | :- |\n",
+ "| `int(value)` | Turns `value` into an integer |\n",
+ "| `float(value)` | Turns `value` into a float |\n",
+ "| `str(value)` | Turns `value` into a string |\n",
+ "| `bool(value)` | Turns `value` into a boolean |"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# This code works!\n",
+ "name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\n",
+ "print(type(name))\n",
+ "print(\"Hello \" + name + \"!\")"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# This code doesn't work! Try to fix it.\n",
+ "age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\n",
+ "print(type(age))\n",
+ "age = age + 10 # we can shorten this to age += 10\n",
+ "print(\"In 10 years, you will be \" + str(age))"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# This code doesn't work! Try to fix it.\n",
+ "temp = input(\"Enter your temperature: \")\n",
+ "print(type(temp))\n",
+ "temp_ok = temp < 101.1\n",
+ "print(\"You can enter lab: \" + str(temp_ok))"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Other Built-In Functions\n",
+ "We can refer to [this resource](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_ref_functions.asp) to see other built-in functions in Python. Let's practice using `round` and `abs`."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Print the help documentation for the round function\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Print the help documentation for the abs function\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Round the number 84.7\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Round the number 19.74812 to the second decimal place\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Get the absolute value of -12\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Get the square root of 81\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Importing From Other Modules\n",
+ "We'll look at two other common modules (collections of functions): `math` and `random`.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "There are a few ways we can do this...\n",
+ " - We can write `import <module_name>` and use a function by `<module_name>.<function_name>`.\n",
+ " - We can write `from <module_name> import <function_name>` and use a function(s) directly by its name.\n",
+ " - We can write `from <module_name> import *` and directly use any function by name."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Normally we like to have our imports at the top of our notebook\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "import random"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Use the . (attribute accessor)\n",
+ "math.sqrt(17)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Import the function directly\n",
+ "from math import sqrt\n",
+ "print(sqrt(17))"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "from random import randint\n",
+ "print(randint(1,10))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# wrong way to call randint\n",
+ "#print(random.randint(1,10))"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": null,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Import all functions directly\n",
+ "from math import *"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
+ "language": "python",
+ "name": "python3"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "codemirror_mode": {
+ "name": "ipython",
+ "version": 3
+ },
+ "file_extension": ".py",
+ "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+ "name": "python",
+ "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+ "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+ "version": "3.10.6"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 4
+}
diff --git a/f24/Louis_Lecture_Notes/05_Using_Functions/Lec_05_Using_Functions_Solution_Oliphant.ipynb b/f24/Louis_Lecture_Notes/05_Using_Functions/Lec_05_Using_Functions_Solution_Oliphant.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c7e8c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/f24/Louis_Lecture_Notes/05_Using_Functions/Lec_05_Using_Functions_Solution_Oliphant.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,696 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 20,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Warmup 1 \n",
+ "# Create 3 variables.\n",
+ "# Assign each one a data value of a different type.\n",
+ "my_cool_name = \"Jon\"\n",
+ "my_fav_num = 8\n",
+ "pi = 3.14"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Python Variable Names\n",
+ "*Python* requires that variables...\n",
+ " - Only use letters a-z (upper and lower), numbers, and underscores.\n",
+ " - Don’t start with a number\n",
+ " - Don’t use Python keywords (e.g., `and`, `False`, etc)\n",
+ " \n",
+ "In addition, *CS220 Course Staff* ask that variables...\n",
+ " - Only use the English alphabet and numbers\n",
+ " - Use snake_case for variable names (as opposed to camelCase or PascalCase)\n",
+ " - Make variable names *meaningful*\n",
+ " \n",
+ "Python won't run for the first set of rules; CS220 course staff will take off points for the second set of rules."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 19,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Warmup 2\n",
+ "# Decide if the following variables are valid in Python.\n",
+ "# Write VALID or INVALID next to them.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# my.name = \"Meena\" #INVALID\n",
+ "# 1st_place = \"Andy\" #INVALID\n",
+ "# stop&go = False #INVALID \n",
+ "# False = 100 #INVALID \n",
+ "# end_game = True #VALID\n",
+ "# endGame = True #VALID But doesn't follow the rules of CS220 (use snake case, not camel case)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 18,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "True\n",
+ "<class 'float'>\n",
+ "False\n",
+ "True\n",
+ "2\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Warmup 3\n",
+ "print(True and not False) # True\n",
+ "print(type((5 // 1.2))) # float\n",
+ "print(1 <= 2 and \"a\" < \"A\") # False\n",
+ "print(1 <= 2 or \"a\" < \"A\") # True\n",
+ "print(len(\"2\") + 1) # 2"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 14,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Your dog is 49 years old!\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Warmup 4\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculate how old a dog is in dog years given the year they were born\n",
+ "# 1 year is equal to 7 dog years!\n",
+ "# e.g. a dog born in 2019 is 28 years old (7 * 4)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "year_born = 2017\n",
+ "dog_years = (2024 - year_born) * 7\n",
+ "print(\"Your dog is \" + str(dog_years) + \" years old!\")"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 17,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "1\n",
+ "2\n",
+ "19\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Warmup 5\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Given the number of seconds, compute the number of hours, minutes, and seconds.\n",
+ "# e.g. if seconds is 65, the correct output (with \\n in-between) is 0 1 5\n",
+ "# e.g. if seconds is 192, the correct output (with \\n in-between) is 0 3 12\n",
+ "# e.g. if seconds is 3739, the correct output (with \\n in-between) is 1 2 19\n",
+ "\n",
+ "seconds = 3739\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# First, we have to get the number of hours.\n",
+ "# There are 60 * 60 = 3600 seconds in an hour, so\n",
+ "# we use integer division to get th ewhole number of hours\n",
+ "\n",
+ "hours = seconds // 3600\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# What we have left over is the remainder of seconds.\n",
+ "# We use the modulus operator to get the remainder\n",
+ "\n",
+ "seconds = seconds % 3600\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Same thing for minutes!\n",
+ "# We use integer division to get the whole number of minutes\n",
+ "\n",
+ "minutes = seconds // 60\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# What we have left over is the remainder of seconds.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "seconds = seconds % 60\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Print out the results\n",
+ "print(hours)\n",
+ "print(minutes)\n",
+ "print(seconds)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# CS220: Lecture 05\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "## Learning Objectives\n",
+ "\n",
+ "- Call `input()` to accept and process string input\n",
+ "- Call type cast functions to convert to appropriate type: `int()`, `bool()`, `float()`, `str()`\n",
+ " - Concatenate values onto strings within a print function by converting to `str()`\n",
+ "- Using correct vocabulary, explain a function call\n",
+ " - call/invoke, parameter, argument, keyword (named) arguments, return value\n",
+ "- Use `sep`, `end` keyword arguments with the print() function\n",
+ "- Use some common built-in functions such as round(), abs()\n",
+ "- import functions from a built-in module using `import`, `from`\n",
+ "- Call functions in modules using the attribute operator `.`"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Vocabulary\n",
+ "\n",
+ "| Term | Definition |\n",
+ "| :- | :- |\n",
+ "| function definition | a grouping of lines of code; a way for us to tell our program to run that entire group of code |\n",
+ "| call / invoke | a statement that instructs the program to run all the lines of code in a function definition, and then come back afterward |\n",
+ "| parameter | variable that receives input to function |\n",
+ "| argument | value sent to a function (lines up with parameter) |\n",
+ "| keyword (named) argument | argument explicitly tied to a parameter |\n",
+ "| return value | function output sent back to calling code |"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Previously Used Functions.\n",
+ "We have used functions before! Namely `print`, `type`, and `len`.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "What parameters did they have; what arguments did we send them?"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 1,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "hello world\n",
+ "6\n",
+ "<class 'bool'>\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "print(\"hello world\")\n",
+ "print(len(\"apples\"))\n",
+ "print(type(1 < 2))"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "Let's take a closer look at the `print` function.\n",
+ " 1. Use the [official Python reference](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print)\n",
+ " 2. Use the [w3schools reference](https://www.w3schools.com/python/ref_func_print.asp)\n",
+ " 3. Use the `help` function"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 2,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Help on built-in function print in module builtins:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(*args, sep=' ', end='\\n', file=None, flush=False)\n",
+ " Prints the values to a stream, or to sys.stdout by default.\n",
+ " \n",
+ " sep\n",
+ " string inserted between values, default a space.\n",
+ " end\n",
+ " string appended after the last value, default a newline.\n",
+ " file\n",
+ " a file-like object (stream); defaults to the current sys.stdout.\n",
+ " flush\n",
+ " whether to forcibly flush the stream.\n",
+ "\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "help(print)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 3,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "1 two 3!\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "print(\"1\", \"two\", \"3!\")"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 5,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Bob and Alice and Dylan and Gretchen\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Can you add a keyword argument that will connect the names with the word 'and'?\n",
+ "print('Bob', 'Alice', 'Dylan', 'Gretchen',sep=' and ')"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 7,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Good Morning!\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Can you add a keyword argument that will make the output appear on a single line?\n",
+ "print('Good',end=\" \")\n",
+ "print('Morning!')"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 8,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "hello|world;\n",
+ "its^so^cold...\n",
+ "****\t######<END>******||########<END>\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Guess what will get printed\n",
+ "print(\"hello\", \"world\", sep = \"|\", end = \";\\n\") # hello|world;\n",
+ "print(\"its\", \"so\", \"cold\", sep = \"^\", end = \"...\\n\") # its^so^cold...\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"*\" * 4, \"#\" * 6, sep = \"\\t\", end = \"<END>\") # ****\t######<END>\n",
+ "print(\"*\" * 6, \"#\" * 8, sep = \"||\", end = \"<END>\") # ******||########<END>\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"\\n\", end = \"\")"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Type Conversion Functions\n",
+ "\n",
+ "| Function | Purpose |\n",
+ "| :- | :- |\n",
+ "| `int(value)` | Turns `value` into an integer |\n",
+ "| `float(value)` | Turns `value` into a float |\n",
+ "| `str(value)` | Turns `value` into a string |\n",
+ "| `bool(value)` | Turns `value` into a boolean |"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 9,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdin",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Enter your name: louis\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "<class 'str'>\n",
+ "Hello louis!\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# This code works!\n",
+ "name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\n",
+ "print(type(name))\n",
+ "print(\"Hello \" + name + \"!\")"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 10,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdin",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Enter your age: 53\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "<class 'str'>\n",
+ "In 10 years, you will be 63\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# This code doesn't work! Try to fix it.\n",
+ "age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\n",
+ "print(type(age))\n",
+ "age = int(age) + 10 # we can shorten this to age += 10\n",
+ "print(\"In 10 years, you will be \" + str(age))"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 11,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdin",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Enter your temperature: 87\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "<class 'str'>\n",
+ "You can enter lab: True\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# This code doesn't work! Try to fix it.\n",
+ "temp = input(\"Enter your temperature: \")\n",
+ "print(type(temp))\n",
+ "temp_ok = float(temp) < 101.1\n",
+ "print(\"You can enter lab: \" + str(temp_ok))"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Other Built-In Functions\n",
+ "We can refer to [this resource](https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_ref_functions.asp) to see other built-in functions in Python. Let's practice using `round` and `abs`."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 21,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Help on built-in function round in module builtins:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "round(number, ndigits=None)\n",
+ " Round a number to a given precision in decimal digits.\n",
+ " \n",
+ " The return value is an integer if ndigits is omitted or None. Otherwise\n",
+ " the return value has the same type as the number. ndigits may be negative.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "None\n",
+ "Help on built-in function abs in module builtins:\n",
+ "\n",
+ "abs(x, /)\n",
+ " Return the absolute value of the argument.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "None\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Print the help documentation for the round function\n",
+ "print(help(round))\n",
+ "# Print the help documentation for the abs function\n",
+ "print(help(abs))"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 22,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "data": {
+ "text/plain": [
+ "85"
+ ]
+ },
+ "execution_count": 22,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "output_type": "execute_result"
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Round the number 84.7\n",
+ "round(84.7)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 23,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "data": {
+ "text/plain": [
+ "19.75"
+ ]
+ },
+ "execution_count": 23,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "output_type": "execute_result"
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Round the number 19.74812 to the second decimal place\n",
+ "round(19.74812,ndigits=2)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 24,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "data": {
+ "text/plain": [
+ "12"
+ ]
+ },
+ "execution_count": 24,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "output_type": "execute_result"
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Get the absolute value of -12\n",
+ "abs(-12)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 27,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "data": {
+ "text/plain": [
+ "9.0"
+ ]
+ },
+ "execution_count": 27,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "output_type": "execute_result"
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Get the square root of 81\n",
+ "pow(81,0.5)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "### Importing From Other Modules\n",
+ "We'll look at two other common modules (collections of functions): `math` and `random`.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "There are a few ways we can do this...\n",
+ " - We can write `import <module_name>` and use a function by `<module_name>.<function_name>`.\n",
+ " - We can write `from <module_name> import <function_name>` and use a function(s) directly by its name.\n",
+ " - We can write `from <module_name> import *` and directly use any function by name."
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 29,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "# Normally we like to have our imports at the top of our notebook\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "import random"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 30,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "data": {
+ "text/plain": [
+ "4.123105625617661"
+ ]
+ },
+ "execution_count": 30,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "output_type": "execute_result"
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Use the . (attribute accessor)\n",
+ "math.sqrt(17)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 31,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "4.123105625617661\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Import the function directly\n",
+ "from math import sqrt\n",
+ "print(sqrt(17))"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 32,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "5\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "from random import randint\n",
+ "print(randint(1,10))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# wrong way to call randint\n",
+ "#print(random.randint(1,10))"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 37,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "0.0\n",
+ "-1.0\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Import all functions directly\n",
+ "from math import *\n",
+ "print(sin(0))\n",
+ "print(cos(pi))"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
+ "language": "python",
+ "name": "python3"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "codemirror_mode": {
+ "name": "ipython",
+ "version": 3
+ },
+ "file_extension": ".py",
+ "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+ "name": "python",
+ "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+ "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+ "version": "3.11.5"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 4
+}
--
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