diff --git a/f22/meena_lec_notes/lec-05/.ipynb_checkpoints/lec_05_Using_Functions-checkpoint.ipynb b/f22/meena_lec_notes/lec-05/.ipynb_checkpoints/lec_05_Using_Functions-checkpoint.ipynb
deleted file mode 100644
index 7e6ad112688eadd9904f3d687e2c8c48105854d5..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/f22/meena_lec_notes/lec-05/.ipynb_checkpoints/lec_05_Using_Functions-checkpoint.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1129 +0,0 @@
-{
- "cells": [
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "# Using Functions"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "## Review"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Valid variable names"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": 1,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# this is a possible quiz / exam question\n",
- "# self-check: decide if the variables are valid in Python:\n",
- "\n",
- "#my.name = \"Meena\" # can't use .\n",
- "#1st_place = \"Andy\" # can't start with a digit\n",
- "#stop&go = False # can't use & and other special chars\n",
- "#type = 100 # bad to use keywords as variable names\n",
- "end_game = True # valid variable; good style to use _"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Short-circuiting with `and`, `or`\n",
- "\n",
- "- if the first half of an AND is False, skip the second half for evaluation\n",
- "- if the first half of an OR is True, skip the second half for evaluation\n",
- "\n",
- "Predict the output of each expression and then uncomment and run the expression, to validate."
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "data": {
- "text/plain": [
- "True"
- ]
- },
- "execution_count": 2,
- "metadata": {},
- "output_type": "execute_result"
- }
- ],
- "source": [
- "#7+3 == 9 and 4/0 == 0 # False\n",
- "#7 + 3 == 10 or 4/0 == 0 # True\n",
- "#4/0 == 0 and 7+3 == 9 # ZeroDivisionError\n",
- "#4/0 == 0 or 7+3 == 10 # ZeroDivisionError\n",
- "4+5 == 9 or 5**10000000 < 10000000 # True"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "## Learning Objectives\n",
- "\n",
- "- Call `input()` to accept and process string input\n",
- "- Call type cast functions to convert to appropriate type: `int()`, `bool()`, `float()`, `str()`\n",
- " - Concatenate values onto strings within a print function by converting to `str()`\n",
- "- Using correct vocabulary, explain a function call\n",
- " - call/invoke, parameter, argument, keyword arguments, return value\n",
- "- Use `sep`, `end` keyword arguments with the print() function\n",
- "- Yse some common built-in functions such as round(), abs()\n",
- "- import functions from a built-in module using `import`, `from`\n",
- "- Call functions in modules using the attribute operator `.`"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "## Vocabulary\n",
- "\n",
- "- function definition: a grouping of lines of code; a way for us to tell our program to run that entire group of code\n",
- "- call / invoke: a statement in Python code that instructs the program to run all the lines of code in a function definition, and then come back afterward\n",
- "- parameter: variable that receives input to function\n",
- "- argument: value sent to a function (lines up with parameter)\n",
- "- keyword argument: argument explicitly tied to a parameter\n",
- "- return value: function output sent back to calling code\n"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "## Recall print(...), type(...) functions"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": 3,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "name": "stdout",
- "output_type": "stream",
- "text": [
- "hello\n",
- "world\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "source": [
- "print(\"hello\\nworld\")"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": 4,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "data": {
- "text/plain": [
- "int"
- ]
- },
- "execution_count": 4,
- "metadata": {},
- "output_type": "execute_result"
- }
- ],
- "source": [
- "type(1)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "You could either display the return value of a function into an output box or capture it into a variable."
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": 5,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "name": "stdout",
- "output_type": "stream",
- "text": [
- "<class 'bool'>\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "source": [
- "t = type(1 == 1.0)\n",
- "print(t)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "One function's return value can become another function's argument directly."
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": 6,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "name": "stdout",
- "output_type": "stream",
- "text": [
- "<class 'bool'>\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "source": [
- "print(type(1 == 1.0))"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "## input()\n",
- "- accepts user input\n",
- "- argument to input() function is a prompt\n",
- " - prompt provides meaningful information to the user\n",
- "- return value of input() function is always of type str"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 1: Accept user input for name and say hello."
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": 7,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "name": "stdout",
- "output_type": "stream",
- "text": [
- "Enter your name: Viyan\n",
- "<class 'str'>\n",
- "Hello Viyan!\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "source": [
- "#TODO: call input function \n",
- "name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\n",
- "#TODO: print type of the variable name\n",
- "print(type(name))\n",
- "print(\"Hello \" + name + \"!\")"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 2a: Accept user input for age (incorrect version)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": 8,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "name": "stdout",
- "output_type": "stream",
- "text": [
- "Enter your age: 2\n",
- "<class 'str'>\n"
- ]
- },
- {
- "ename": "TypeError",
- "evalue": "can only concatenate str (not \"int\") to str",
- "output_type": "error",
- "traceback": [
- "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
- "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)",
- "\u001b[0;32m/var/folders/k6/kcy8b4f57hx9f1wh4sbs8mn40000gn/T/ipykernel_42489/307506462.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 3\u001b[0m \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mtype\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mage\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 4\u001b[0m \u001b[0;31m# Let's celebrate a birthday :)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 5\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mage\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m+=\u001b[0m \u001b[0;36m1\u001b[0m \u001b[0;31m# What is wrong?\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m 6\u001b[0m \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mage\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
- "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: can only concatenate str (not \"int\") to str"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "source": [
- "age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\n",
- "#TODO: print type of the variable age\n",
- "print(type(age))\n",
- "# Let's celebrate a birthday :)\n",
- "age += 1 # What is wrong?\n",
- "print(age)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "## Type casting functions\n",
- "- convert one type into another type\n",
- "- int(), float(), str(), bool()"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": 9,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "name": "stdout",
- "output_type": "stream",
- "text": [
- "32\n",
- "2022\n"
- ]
- },
- {
- "ename": "ValueError",
- "evalue": "invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'nineteen'",
- "output_type": "error",
- "traceback": [
- "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
- "\u001b[0;31mValueError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)",
- "\u001b[0;32m/var/folders/k6/kcy8b4f57hx9f1wh4sbs8mn40000gn/T/ipykernel_42489/3389418016.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 4\u001b[0m \u001b[0;31m# Some conversions don't make sense to us\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 5\u001b[0m \u001b[0;31m# So they won't make sense to Python either\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 6\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mint\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\"nineteen\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
- "\u001b[0;31mValueError\u001b[0m: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'nineteen'"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "source": [
- "# Let's try these int conversions\n",
- "print(int(32.5))\n",
- "print(int(\"2012\") + 10)\n",
- "# Some conversions don't make sense to us\n",
- "# So they won't make sense to Python either\n",
- "print(int(\"nineteen\"))"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": 10,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "name": "stdout",
- "output_type": "stream",
- "text": [
- "32\n",
- "32\n"
- ]
- },
- {
- "ename": "ValueError",
- "evalue": "invalid literal for int() with base 10: '32.5'",
- "output_type": "error",
- "traceback": [
- "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
- "\u001b[0;31mValueError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)",
- "\u001b[0;32m/var/folders/k6/kcy8b4f57hx9f1wh4sbs8mn40000gn/T/ipykernel_42489/1366206231.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 3\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 4\u001b[0m \u001b[0;31m# this doesn't work, less intuitive (tricky case!)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 5\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mint\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\"32.5\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
- "\u001b[0;31mValueError\u001b[0m: invalid literal for int() with base 10: '32.5'"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "source": [
- "print(int(32.5)) # this works\n",
- "print(int(float(\"32.5\"))) # this works\n",
- "\n",
- "# this doesn't work, less intuitive (tricky case!)\n",
- "print(int(\"32.5\"))"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": 11,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "name": "stdout",
- "output_type": "stream",
- "text": [
- "26.0\n",
- "6.28\n"
- ]
- },
- {
- "ename": "ValueError",
- "evalue": "could not convert string to float: 'three point one'",
- "output_type": "error",
- "traceback": [
- "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
- "\u001b[0;31mValueError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)",
- "\u001b[0;32m/var/folders/k6/kcy8b4f57hx9f1wh4sbs8mn40000gn/T/ipykernel_42489/1013542327.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 4\u001b[0m \u001b[0;31m# Some conversions don't make sense to us\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 5\u001b[0m \u001b[0;31m# So they won't make sense to Python either\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 6\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mfloat\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\"three point one\"\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
- "\u001b[0;31mValueError\u001b[0m: could not convert string to float: 'three point one'"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "source": [
- "# Let's try these float conversions\n",
- "print(float(26))\n",
- "print(float(\"3.14\") * 2)\n",
- "# Some conversions don't make sense to us\n",
- "# So they won't make sense to Python either\n",
- "print(float(\"three point one\"))"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": 12,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "ename": "TypeError",
- "evalue": "can only concatenate str (not \"int\") to str",
- "output_type": "error",
- "traceback": [
- "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
- "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)",
- "\u001b[0;32m/var/folders/k6/kcy8b4f57hx9f1wh4sbs8mn40000gn/T/ipykernel_42489/1518523691.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 1\u001b[0m \u001b[0;31m# Let's try these str conversions\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 2\u001b[0m \u001b[0myear\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0;36m2022\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 3\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\"Next year will be: \"\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m+\u001b[0m \u001b[0myear\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m+\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m 4\u001b[0m \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\"It is good to be: \"\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m+\u001b[0m \u001b[0mstr\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32mTrue\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 5\u001b[0m \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\"Who wants a pi? \"\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m+\u001b[0m \u001b[0mstr\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m3.14\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
- "\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: can only concatenate str (not \"int\") to str"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "source": [
- "# Let's try these str conversions\n",
- "year = 2022\n",
- "print(\"Next year will be: \" + year+1)\n",
- "print(\"It is good to be: \" + str(True))\n",
- "print(\"Who wants a pi? \" + str(3.14))\n",
- "#Pretty much you can convert anything to string in Python"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 2b: Accept user input for age (correct version)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": 13,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "name": "stdout",
- "output_type": "stream",
- "text": [
- "Enter your age: 2\n",
- "3\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "source": [
- "age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\n",
- "#TODO: convert age to int type\n",
- "age = int(age) # Just saying int(age) won't work, you have to re-assign age variable\n",
- "# Let's celebrate a birthday :)\n",
- "age += 1 \n",
- "print(age)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 3: Accept user input for temperature"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": 14,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "name": "stdout",
- "output_type": "stream",
- "text": [
- "Enter your temperature: 98.6\n",
- "<class 'bool'>\n",
- "OK to enter: True\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "source": [
- "# To enter their day care, kids have their temp checked\n",
- "temp = float(input(\"Enter your temperature: \"))\n",
- "temp = float(temp)\n",
- "#TODO: check that temp is less than equal to 98.6\n",
- "temp_ok = temp <= 98.6\n",
- "#TODO: print type of temp_ok\n",
- "print(type(temp_ok))\n",
- "print(\"OK to enter: \" + str(temp_ok))"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": 15,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "name": "stdout",
- "output_type": "stream",
- "text": [
- "Somebody had a birthday: Viyan 3 years old :)\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "source": [
- "# TODO: figure out how this works\n",
- "print(\"Somebody had a birthday: \" + name + \" \" + str(age) + \" years old :)\")\n",
- "# TODO: What error will you get when you take out str(...) around age?"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### parameters for print(...) function\n",
- "- can accept multiple arguments:\n",
- " - all arguments get printed on the same line\n",
- "- `sep` allows you to configure separator between the arguments:\n",
- " - default value: space `\" \"`\n",
- "- `end` allows you to configure what character gets printed after\n",
- " - default value: newline `\"\\n\"`"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": 16,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "name": "stdout",
- "output_type": "stream",
- "text": [
- "hello world\n",
- "hello cs220/cs319\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "source": [
- "print(\"hello\", \"world\")\n",
- "print(\"hello\", \"cs220/cs319\")"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": 17,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "name": "stdout",
- "output_type": "stream",
- "text": [
- "hello|world;\n",
- "hello^meena...\n",
- "****||######<END>******||########<END>\n",
- "****||######<END>\n",
- "******||########<END>\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "source": [
- "# Guess what will get printed\n",
- "print(\"hello\", \"world\", sep = \"|\", end = \";\\n\")\n",
- "print(\"hello\", \"meena\", sep = \"^\", end = \"...\\n\")\n",
- "\n",
- "print(\"*\" * 4, \"#\" * 6, sep = \"||\", end = \"<END>\")\n",
- "print(\"*\" * 6, \"#\" * 8, sep = \"||\", end = \"<END>\")\n",
- "\n",
- "print(\"\\n\", end = \"\")\n",
- "\n",
- "print(\"*\" * 4, \"#\" * 6, sep = \"||\", end = \"<END>\\n\")\n",
- "print(\"*\" * 6, \"#\" * 8, sep = \"||\", end = \"<END>\\n\")"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "## More built-in functions\n",
- "- print(), type(), int(), float(), str(), bool() are all examples of built-in functions\n",
- "- built-in functions are functions you can use readily (without importing anything)\n",
- "- you definitely don't have to know all the built-in functions, but here is the list: https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "abs function"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": 18,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "name": "stdout",
- "output_type": "stream",
- "text": [
- "10\n",
- "10\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "source": [
- "# Guess what will get printed\n",
- "print(abs(-10))\n",
- "print(abs(10))"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "round function"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": 19,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "name": "stdout",
- "output_type": "stream",
- "text": [
- "10.5253\n",
- "5.3\n",
- "5.24\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "source": [
- "# Guess what will get printed\n",
- "print(round(10.525252, 4))\n",
- "print(round(5.2953, 2))\n",
- "print(round(5.2423, 2))"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "## Modules\n",
- "- collection of similar functions and variables\n",
- "- requires import\n",
- "- `import`, `from` keywords\n",
- "- 2 styles of import:\n",
- " 1. `import` module_name: \n",
- " - need to specify module_name`.`function_name to call it. \n",
- " - `.` is called attribute operator.\n",
- " 2. `from` module_name `import` function_name\n",
- " - can call the function without specifying module name\n",
- "- `help` module_name:\n",
- " - documentation for all functions and variables inside a module"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": 20,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "ename": "NameError",
- "evalue": "name 'sqrt' is not defined",
- "output_type": "error",
- "traceback": [
- "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
- "\u001b[0;31mNameError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)",
- "\u001b[0;32m/var/folders/k6/kcy8b4f57hx9f1wh4sbs8mn40000gn/T/ipykernel_42489/992675185.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 1\u001b[0m \u001b[0;31m# Let's try to find square root of 10\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 2\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0msqrt\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m10\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m \u001b[0;31m# doesn't work because it is part of math module\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
- "\u001b[0;31mNameError\u001b[0m: name 'sqrt' is not defined"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "source": [
- "# Let's try to find square root of 10\n",
- "sqrt(10) # doesn't work because it is part of math module"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "It is a good practice to include all your import statements at the top of your notebook file. We will make exception just for a couple of lectures."
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": 21,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "import math"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": 22,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "data": {
- "text/plain": [
- "3.1622776601683795"
- ]
- },
- "execution_count": 22,
- "metadata": {},
- "output_type": "execute_result"
- }
- ],
- "source": [
- "math.sqrt(10)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": 23,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "data": {
- "text/plain": [
- "-0.9999999999964793"
- ]
- },
- "execution_count": 23,
- "metadata": {},
- "output_type": "execute_result"
- }
- ],
- "source": [
- "math.cos(3.14159)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Modules contain useful variables too."
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": 24,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "data": {
- "text/plain": [
- "3.141592653589793"
- ]
- },
- "execution_count": 24,
- "metadata": {},
- "output_type": "execute_result"
- }
- ],
- "source": [
- "math.pi"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": 25,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "name": "stdout",
- "output_type": "stream",
- "text": [
- "Help on module math:\n",
- "\n",
- "NAME\n",
- " math\n",
- "\n",
- "MODULE REFERENCE\n",
- " https://docs.python.org/3.9/library/math\n",
- " \n",
- " The following documentation is automatically generated from the Python\n",
- " source files. It may be incomplete, incorrect or include features that\n",
- " are considered implementation detail and may vary between Python\n",
- " implementations. When in doubt, consult the module reference at the\n",
- " location listed above.\n",
- "\n",
- "DESCRIPTION\n",
- " This module provides access to the mathematical functions\n",
- " defined by the C standard.\n",
- "\n",
- "FUNCTIONS\n",
- " acos(x, /)\n",
- " Return the arc cosine (measured in radians) of x.\n",
- " \n",
- " The result is between 0 and pi.\n",
- " \n",
- " acosh(x, /)\n",
- " Return the inverse hyperbolic cosine of x.\n",
- " \n",
- " asin(x, /)\n",
- " Return the arc sine (measured in radians) of x.\n",
- " \n",
- " The result is between -pi/2 and pi/2.\n",
- " \n",
- " asinh(x, /)\n",
- " Return the inverse hyperbolic sine of x.\n",
- " \n",
- " atan(x, /)\n",
- " Return the arc tangent (measured in radians) of x.\n",
- " \n",
- " The result is between -pi/2 and pi/2.\n",
- " \n",
- " atan2(y, x, /)\n",
- " Return the arc tangent (measured in radians) of y/x.\n",
- " \n",
- " Unlike atan(y/x), the signs of both x and y are considered.\n",
- " \n",
- " atanh(x, /)\n",
- " Return the inverse hyperbolic tangent of x.\n",
- " \n",
- " ceil(x, /)\n",
- " Return the ceiling of x as an Integral.\n",
- " \n",
- " This is the smallest integer >= x.\n",
- " \n",
- " comb(n, k, /)\n",
- " Number of ways to choose k items from n items without repetition and without order.\n",
- " \n",
- " Evaluates to n! / (k! * (n - k)!) when k <= n and evaluates\n",
- " to zero when k > n.\n",
- " \n",
- " Also called the binomial coefficient because it is equivalent\n",
- " to the coefficient of k-th term in polynomial expansion of the\n",
- " expression (1 + x)**n.\n",
- " \n",
- " Raises TypeError if either of the arguments are not integers.\n",
- " Raises ValueError if either of the arguments are negative.\n",
- " \n",
- " copysign(x, y, /)\n",
- " Return a float with the magnitude (absolute value) of x but the sign of y.\n",
- " \n",
- " On platforms that support signed zeros, copysign(1.0, -0.0)\n",
- " returns -1.0.\n",
- " \n",
- " cos(x, /)\n",
- " Return the cosine of x (measured in radians).\n",
- " \n",
- " cosh(x, /)\n",
- " Return the hyperbolic cosine of x.\n",
- " \n",
- " degrees(x, /)\n",
- " Convert angle x from radians to degrees.\n",
- " \n",
- " dist(p, q, /)\n",
- " Return the Euclidean distance between two points p and q.\n",
- " \n",
- " The points should be specified as sequences (or iterables) of\n",
- " coordinates. Both inputs must have the same dimension.\n",
- " \n",
- " Roughly equivalent to:\n",
- " sqrt(sum((px - qx) ** 2.0 for px, qx in zip(p, q)))\n",
- " \n",
- " erf(x, /)\n",
- " Error function at x.\n",
- " \n",
- " erfc(x, /)\n",
- " Complementary error function at x.\n",
- " \n",
- " exp(x, /)\n",
- " Return e raised to the power of x.\n",
- " \n",
- " expm1(x, /)\n",
- " Return exp(x)-1.\n",
- " \n",
- " This function avoids the loss of precision involved in the direct evaluation of exp(x)-1 for small x.\n",
- " \n",
- " fabs(x, /)\n",
- " Return the absolute value of the float x.\n",
- " \n",
- " factorial(x, /)\n",
- " Find x!.\n",
- " \n",
- " Raise a ValueError if x is negative or non-integral.\n",
- " \n",
- " floor(x, /)\n",
- " Return the floor of x as an Integral.\n",
- " \n",
- " This is the largest integer <= x.\n",
- " \n",
- " fmod(x, y, /)\n",
- " Return fmod(x, y), according to platform C.\n",
- " \n",
- " x % y may differ.\n",
- " \n",
- " frexp(x, /)\n",
- " Return the mantissa and exponent of x, as pair (m, e).\n",
- " \n",
- " m is a float and e is an int, such that x = m * 2.**e.\n",
- " If x is 0, m and e are both 0. Else 0.5 <= abs(m) < 1.0.\n",
- " \n",
- " fsum(seq, /)\n",
- " Return an accurate floating point sum of values in the iterable seq.\n",
- " \n",
- " Assumes IEEE-754 floating point arithmetic.\n",
- " \n",
- " gamma(x, /)\n",
- " Gamma function at x.\n",
- " \n",
- " gcd(*integers)\n",
- " Greatest Common Divisor.\n",
- " \n",
- " hypot(...)\n",
- " hypot(*coordinates) -> value\n",
- " \n",
- " Multidimensional Euclidean distance from the origin to a point.\n",
- " \n",
- " Roughly equivalent to:\n",
- " sqrt(sum(x**2 for x in coordinates))\n",
- " \n",
- " For a two dimensional point (x, y), gives the hypotenuse\n",
- " using the Pythagorean theorem: sqrt(x*x + y*y).\n",
- " \n",
- " For example, the hypotenuse of a 3/4/5 right triangle is:\n",
- " \n",
- " >>> hypot(3.0, 4.0)\n",
- " 5.0\n",
- " \n",
- " isclose(a, b, *, rel_tol=1e-09, abs_tol=0.0)\n",
- " Determine whether two floating point numbers are close in value.\n",
- " \n",
- " rel_tol\n",
- " maximum difference for being considered \"close\", relative to the\n",
- " magnitude of the input values\n",
- " abs_tol\n",
- " maximum difference for being considered \"close\", regardless of the\n",
- " magnitude of the input values\n",
- " \n",
- " Return True if a is close in value to b, and False otherwise.\n",
- " \n",
- " For the values to be considered close, the difference between them\n",
- " must be smaller than at least one of the tolerances.\n",
- " \n",
- " -inf, inf and NaN behave similarly to the IEEE 754 Standard. That\n",
- " is, NaN is not close to anything, even itself. inf and -inf are\n",
- " only close to themselves.\n",
- " \n",
- " isfinite(x, /)\n",
- " Return True if x is neither an infinity nor a NaN, and False otherwise.\n",
- " \n",
- " isinf(x, /)\n",
- " Return True if x is a positive or negative infinity, and False otherwise.\n",
- " \n",
- " isnan(x, /)\n",
- " Return True if x is a NaN (not a number), and False otherwise.\n",
- " \n",
- " isqrt(n, /)\n",
- " Return the integer part of the square root of the input.\n",
- " \n",
- " lcm(*integers)\n",
- " Least Common Multiple.\n",
- " \n",
- " ldexp(x, i, /)\n",
- " Return x * (2**i).\n",
- " \n",
- " This is essentially the inverse of frexp().\n",
- " \n",
- " lgamma(x, /)\n",
- " Natural logarithm of absolute value of Gamma function at x.\n",
- " \n",
- " log(...)\n",
- " log(x, [base=math.e])\n",
- " Return the logarithm of x to the given base.\n",
- " \n",
- " If the base not specified, returns the natural logarithm (base e) of x.\n",
- " \n",
- " log10(x, /)\n",
- " Return the base 10 logarithm of x.\n",
- " \n",
- " log1p(x, /)\n",
- " Return the natural logarithm of 1+x (base e).\n",
- " \n",
- " The result is computed in a way which is accurate for x near zero.\n",
- " \n",
- " log2(x, /)\n",
- " Return the base 2 logarithm of x.\n",
- " \n",
- " modf(x, /)\n",
- " Return the fractional and integer parts of x.\n",
- " \n",
- " Both results carry the sign of x and are floats.\n",
- " \n",
- " nextafter(x, y, /)\n",
- " Return the next floating-point value after x towards y.\n",
- " \n",
- " perm(n, k=None, /)\n",
- " Number of ways to choose k items from n items without repetition and with order.\n",
- " \n",
- " Evaluates to n! / (n - k)! when k <= n and evaluates\n",
- " to zero when k > n.\n",
- " \n",
- " If k is not specified or is None, then k defaults to n\n",
- " and the function returns n!.\n",
- " \n",
- " Raises TypeError if either of the arguments are not integers.\n",
- " Raises ValueError if either of the arguments are negative.\n",
- " \n",
- " pow(x, y, /)\n",
- " Return x**y (x to the power of y).\n",
- " \n",
- " prod(iterable, /, *, start=1)\n",
- " Calculate the product of all the elements in the input iterable.\n",
- " \n",
- " The default start value for the product is 1.\n",
- " \n",
- " When the iterable is empty, return the start value. This function is\n",
- " intended specifically for use with numeric values and may reject\n",
- " non-numeric types.\n",
- " \n",
- " radians(x, /)\n",
- " Convert angle x from degrees to radians.\n",
- " \n",
- " remainder(x, y, /)\n",
- " Difference between x and the closest integer multiple of y.\n",
- " \n",
- " Return x - n*y where n*y is the closest integer multiple of y.\n",
- " In the case where x is exactly halfway between two multiples of\n",
- " y, the nearest even value of n is used. The result is always exact.\n",
- " \n",
- " sin(x, /)\n",
- " Return the sine of x (measured in radians).\n",
- " \n",
- " sinh(x, /)\n",
- " Return the hyperbolic sine of x.\n",
- " \n",
- " sqrt(x, /)\n",
- " Return the square root of x.\n",
- " \n",
- " tan(x, /)\n",
- " Return the tangent of x (measured in radians).\n",
- " \n",
- " tanh(x, /)\n",
- " Return the hyperbolic tangent of x.\n",
- " \n",
- " trunc(x, /)\n",
- " Truncates the Real x to the nearest Integral toward 0.\n",
- " \n",
- " Uses the __trunc__ magic method.\n",
- " \n",
- " ulp(x, /)\n",
- " Return the value of the least significant bit of the float x.\n",
- "\n",
- "DATA\n",
- " e = 2.718281828459045\n",
- " inf = inf\n",
- " nan = nan\n",
- " pi = 3.141592653589793\n",
- " tau = 6.283185307179586\n",
- "\n",
- "FILE\n",
- " /Users/msyamkumar/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/lib-dynload/math.cpython-39-darwin.so\n",
- "\n",
- "\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "source": [
- "# Let's get help\n",
- "help(math)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": 26,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "from random import randint"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": 27,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "name": "stdout",
- "output_type": "stream",
- "text": [
- "9\n"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "source": [
- "print(randint(1,10)) # correct invocation"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": 28,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [
- {
- "ename": "NameError",
- "evalue": "name 'random' is not defined",
- "output_type": "error",
- "traceback": [
- "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
- "\u001b[0;31mNameError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)",
- "\u001b[0;32m/var/folders/k6/kcy8b4f57hx9f1wh4sbs8mn40000gn/T/ipykernel_42489/3716947679.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mrandom\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mrandint\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m\u001b[0;36m10\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m \u001b[0;31m# incorrect invocation\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
- "\u001b[0;31mNameError\u001b[0m: name 'random' is not defined"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "source": [
- "print(random.randint(1,10)) # incorrect invocation"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "metadata": {
- "kernelspec": {
- "display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
- "language": "python",
- "name": "python3"
- },
- "language_info": {
- "codemirror_mode": {
- "name": "ipython",
- "version": 3
- },
- "file_extension": ".py",
- "mimetype": "text/x-python",
- "name": "python",
- "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
- "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
- "version": "3.9.7"
- }
- },
- "nbformat": 4,
- "nbformat_minor": 2
-}
diff --git a/f22/meena_lec_notes/lec-05/.ipynb_checkpoints/lec_05_Using_Functions_template-checkpoint.ipynb b/f22/meena_lec_notes/lec-05/.ipynb_checkpoints/lec_05_Using_Functions_template-checkpoint.ipynb
deleted file mode 100644
index daa131c8b780f16a56ed5edf2eede9722cff2e95..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/f22/meena_lec_notes/lec-05/.ipynb_checkpoints/lec_05_Using_Functions_template-checkpoint.ipynb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,552 +0,0 @@
-{
- "cells": [
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "# Using Functions"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "## Review"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Valid variable names"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# this is a possible quiz / exam question\n",
- "# self-check: decide if the variables are valid in Python:\n",
- "\n",
- "#my.name = \"Meena\" \n",
- "#1st_place = \"Andy\" \n",
- "#stop&go = False \n",
- "#type = 100 \n",
- "#end_game = True "
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Short-circuiting with `and`, `or`\n",
- "\n",
- "- if the first half of an AND is False, skip the second half for evaluation\n",
- "- if the first half of an OR is True, skip the second half for evaluation\n",
- "\n",
- "Predict the output of each expression and then uncomment and run the expression, to validate."
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "#7+3 == 9 and 4/0 == 0 \n",
- "#7 + 3 == 10 or 4/0 == 0 \n",
- "#4/0 == 0 and 7+3 == 9 \n",
- "#4/0 == 0 or 7+3 == 10 \n",
- "#4+5 == 9 or 5**10000000 < 10000000 "
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "## Learning Objectives\n",
- "\n",
- "- Call `input()` to accept and process string input\n",
- "- Call type cast functions to convert to appropriate type: `int()`, `bool()`, `float()`, `str()`\n",
- " - Concatenate values onto strings within a print function by converting to `str()`\n",
- "- Using correct vocabulary, explain a function call\n",
- " - call/invoke, parameter, argument, keyword arguments, return value\n",
- "- Use `sep`, `end` keyword arguments with the print() function\n",
- "- Yse some common built-in functions such as round(), abs()\n",
- "- import functions from a built-in module using `import`, `from`\n",
- "- Call functions in modules using the attribute operator `.`"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "## Vocabulary\n",
- "\n",
- "- function definition: a grouping of lines of code; a way for us to tell our program to run that entire group of code\n",
- "- call / invoke: a statement in Python code that instructs the program to run all the lines of code in a function definition, and then come back afterward\n",
- "- parameter: variable that receives input to function\n",
- "- argument: value sent to a function (lines up with parameter)\n",
- "- keyword argument: argument explicitly tied to a parameter\n",
- "- return value: function output sent back to calling code\n"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "## Recall print(...), type(...) functions"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "print(\"hello\\nworld\")"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "type(1)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "You could either display the return value of a function into an output box or capture it into a variable."
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "t = type(1 == 1.0)\n",
- "print(t)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "One function's return value can become another function's argument directly."
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "print(type(1 == 1.0))"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "## input()\n",
- "- accepts user input\n",
- "- argument to input() function is a prompt\n",
- " - prompt provides meaningful information to the user\n",
- "- return value of input() function is always of type str"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 1: Accept user input for name and say hello."
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "#TODO: call input function \n",
- "\n",
- "#TODO: print type of the variable name\n",
- "\n",
- "print(\"Hello \" + name + \"!\")"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 2a: Accept user input for age (incorrect version)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\n",
- "#TODO: print type of the variable age\n",
- "\n",
- "# Let's celebrate a birthday :)\n",
- "age ??? 1 # What is wrong?\n",
- "print(age)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "## Type casting functions\n",
- "- convert one type into another type\n",
- "- int(), float(), str(), bool()"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Let's try these int conversions\n",
- "print(int(32.5))\n",
- "print(int(\"2012\") + 10)\n",
- "# Some conversions don't make sense to us\n",
- "# So they won't make sense to Python either\n",
- "print(int(\"nineteen\"))"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "print(int(32.5)) # this works\n",
- "print(int(float(\"32.5\"))) # this works\n",
- "\n",
- "# this doesn't work, less intuitive (tricky case!)\n",
- "print(int(\"32.5\"))"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Let's try these float conversions\n",
- "print(float(26))\n",
- "print(float(\"3.14\") * 2)\n",
- "# Some conversions don't make sense to us\n",
- "# So they won't make sense to Python either\n",
- "print(float(\"three point one\"))"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Let's try these str conversions\n",
- "year = 2022\n",
- "print(\"Next year will be: \" + year+1)\n",
- "print(\"It is good to be: \" + str(True))\n",
- "print(\"Who wants a pi? \" + str(3.14))\n",
- "#Pretty much you can convert anything to string in Python"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 2b: Accept user input for age (correct version)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\n",
- "#TODO: convert age to int type\n",
- "\n",
- "# Let's celebrate a birthday :)\n",
- "age += 1 \n",
- "print(age)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Example 3: Accept user input for temperature"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# To enter their day care, kids have their temp checked\n",
- "temp = float(input(\"Enter your temperature: \"))\n",
- "#TODO: convert temp to float type\n",
- "temp = ???\n",
- "#TODO: check that temp is less than equal to 98.6\n",
- "temp_ok = ???\n",
- "#TODO: print type of temp_ok\n",
- "\n",
- "print(\"OK to enter: \" + temp_ok) # What's wrong?"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# TODO: figure out how this works\n",
- "print(\"Somebody had a birthday: \" + name + \" \" + str(age) + \" years old :)\")\n",
- "# TODO: What error will you get when you take out str(...) around age?"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "### parameters for print(...) function\n",
- "- can accept multiple arguments:\n",
- " - all arguments get printed on the same line\n",
- "- `sep` allows you to configure separator between the arguments:\n",
- " - default value: space `\" \"`\n",
- "- `end` allows you to configure what character gets printed after\n",
- " - default value: newline `\"\\n\"`"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "print(\"hello\", \"world\")\n",
- "print(\"hello\", \"cs220/cs319\")"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Guess what will get printed\n",
- "print(\"hello\", \"world\", sep = \"|\", end = \";\\n\")\n",
- "print(\"hello\", \"meena\", sep = \"^\", end = \"...\\n\")\n",
- "\n",
- "print(\"*\" * 4, \"#\" * 6, sep = \"||\", end = \"<END>\")\n",
- "print(\"*\" * 6, \"#\" * 8, sep = \"||\", end = \"<END>\")\n",
- "\n",
- "print(\"\\n\", end = \"\")\n",
- "\n",
- "print(\"*\" * 4, \"#\" * 6, sep = \"||\", end = \"<END>\\n\")\n",
- "print(\"*\" * 6, \"#\" * 8, sep = \"||\", end = \"<END>\\n\")"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "## More built-in functions\n",
- "- print(), type(), int(), float(), str(), bool() are all examples of built-in functions\n",
- "- built-in functions are functions you can use readily (without importing anything)\n",
- "- you definitely don't have to know all the built-in functions, but here is the list: https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "abs function"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Guess what will get printed\n",
- "print(abs(-10))\n",
- "print(abs(10))"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "round function"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Guess what will get printed\n",
- "print(round(10.525252, 4))\n",
- "print(round(5.2953, 2))\n",
- "print(round(5.2423, 2))"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "## Modules\n",
- "- collection of similar functions and variables\n",
- "- requires import\n",
- "- `import`, `from` keywords\n",
- "- 2 styles of import:\n",
- " 1. `import` module_name: \n",
- " - need to specify module_name`.`function_name to call it. \n",
- " - `.` is called attribute operator.\n",
- " 2. `from` module_name `import` function_name\n",
- " - can call the function without specifying module name\n",
- "- `help` module_name:\n",
- " - documentation for all functions and variables inside a module"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Let's try to find square root of 10\n",
- "sqrt(10) # doesn't work because it is part of math module"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "It is a good practice to include all your import statements at the top of your notebook file. We will make exception just for a couple of lectures."
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "import math"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "math.sqrt(10)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "math.cos(3.14159)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "markdown",
- "metadata": {},
- "source": [
- "Modules contain useful variables too."
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "math.pi"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "# Let's get help\n",
- "help(math)"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "from random import randint"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "print(randint(1,10)) # correct invocation"
- ]
- },
- {
- "cell_type": "code",
- "execution_count": null,
- "metadata": {},
- "outputs": [],
- "source": [
- "print(random.randint(1,10)) # incorrect invocation"
- ]
- }
- ],
- "metadata": {
- "kernelspec": {
- "display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
- "language": "python",
- "name": "python3"
- },
- "language_info": {
- "codemirror_mode": {
- "name": "ipython",
- "version": 3
- },
- "file_extension": ".py",
- "mimetype": "text/x-python",
- "name": "python",
- "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
- "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
- "version": "3.9.7"
- }
- },
- "nbformat": 4,
- "nbformat_minor": 2
-}