f23/Cole_Lecture_Notes/06_Creating_Functions/Lec_06_Creating_Functions_Template_Nelson.ipynb

+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+# Warmup 1
+# Get the user's name using the input function.
+# Then, print out 'Hello, NAME'
+```
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+# Warmup 2
+# Ask the user for a number, then tell them the sqrt of it.
+# HINT: sqrt needs to be imported from math!
+```
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+# Warmup 3
+# Fix the code below. What type of error(s) did you fix?
+x = input("Tell me a number! ")
+is-even = (x % 2 == 0)
+print("That number is even: " + is-even)
+```
+
+%% Cell type:markdown id: tags:
+
+# Creating Functions
+
+## Readings
+
+- Parts of Chapter 3 of Think Python,
+- Chapter 5.5 to 5.8 of Python for Everybody
+- Creating Fruitful Functions
+
+%% Cell type:markdown id: tags:
+
+## Learning Objectives
+
+- Explain the syntax of a function header:
+    - def, ( ), :, tabbing, return
+- Write a function with:
+    - correct header and indentation
+    - a return value (fruitful function) or without (void function)
+    - parameters that have default values
+- Write a function knowing the difference in outcomes of print and return statements
+- Explain how positional, keyword, and default arguments are copied into parameters
+- Make function calls using positional, keyword, and default arguments and determine the result.
+- Trace function invocations to determine control flow
+
+%% Cell type:markdown id: tags:
+
+## More Warmup
+Let's try some more problems not covered in Friday's lecture!
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+# On the line below, import the time module
+
+
+
+start_time = time.time()
+x = 2**1000000000 # a very long computation
+end_time = time.time()
+
+difference = end_time - start_time
+
+# Seperate each time with a '\n'
+print(start_time, end_time, difference)
+```
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+help(time.time)
+```
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+# From the math module, import only the log10 function
+
+# Then, print the log base 10 of 1000
+```
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+# This one is done for you as an example!
+# Note: importing with 'wildcard' * is generally considered bad practice
+from math import *  # allows us to use all functions without writing math
+print(pi)
+```
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+# Try importing and printing 'pi' the proper way!
+```
+
+%% Cell type:markdown id: tags:
+
+## Functions
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+# Write a function that cubes any number
+
+
+
+# The first line is called the function header
+# Notice that all the other lines are indented the same amount (4 spaces)
+# The best practice in Jupyter Notebook is to press tab
+# If you don't run the cell, Jupyter Notebook won't know about the function
+
+# We'll use PythonTutor to help us out!
+# https://pythontutor.com/
+```
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+# Now we call/invoke the cube function!
+```
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+# In the bad_cube function definition, use print instead of return
+def bad_cube(side):
+    pass
+```
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+# Explain what goes wrong in these function calls.
+
+
+x = bad_cube(5)
+print(x)
+```
+
+%% Cell type:markdown id: tags:
+
+## `return` vs `print`
+- `return` enables us to send output from a function to the calling place
+    - default `return` value is `None`
+    - that means, when you don't have a `return` statement, `None` will be returned
+- `print` function simply displays / prints something
+    - it cannot enable you to produce output from a function
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+# Write a function that determines if one number is between two other numbers
+# return a boolean ... True or False
+def is_between(lower, num, upper):
+    pass
+
+# you can call a function in the same cell that you defined it
+```
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+# Example 3: write a function get_grid that works like this:
+# get_grid(5, 3, "@") returns the string
+# @@@@@
+# @@@@@
+# @@@@@
+
+# Let's practice Incremental Coding
+# first, try to do this with string operators and literals
+```
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+# then, try to do this with variables
+width = 5
+height = 3
+symbol = '#'
+```
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+# now, try to write a function
+# think about what would be good names for the parameters
+```
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+# Finally, add in a parameter for a title that appears above the grid
+def get_grid_with_title(width, height, symb, title='My Grid'):
+    pass
+```
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+print(get_grid_with_title(7, 7, title='CS220 Grid', symb='&'))
+```
+
+%% Cell type:markdown id: tags:
+
+## Types of arguments
+- positional
+- keyword
+- default
+
+Python fills arguments in this order: positional, keyword,
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+def add3(x, y = 100, z = 100):
+    """adds three numbers"""       #documentation string
+    print ("x = " + str(x))
+    print ("y = " + str(y))
+    print ("z = " + str(z))
+    return x + y + z
+
+addition_of_3 = add3(100, 10, 5)
+print(addition_of_3)
+# TODO: 1. sum is a bad variable, discuss: why. What would be a better variable name?
+# TODO: 2. what type of arguments are 100, 10, and 5?
+help(add3)
+```
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+print(add3(x = 1, z = 2, y = 5)) #TODO: what type of arguments are these?
+```
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+add3(5, 6) # TODO: what type of argument gets filled for the parameter z?
+```
+
+%% Cell type:markdown id: tags:
+
+Positional arguments need to be specified before keyword arguments.
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+# Incorrect function call
+add3(z = 5, 2, 7)
+# TODO: what category of error is this?
+```
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+# Incorrect function definition
+# We must specify non-default arguments first
+def add3_bad_version(x = 10, y, z):
+    """adds three numbers"""              #documentation string
+    return x + y + z
+```
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+# Incorrect function call
+add3(5, 3, 10, x = 4)
+# TODO: what category of error is this?
+```
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+# TODO: will this function call work?
+add3(y = 5, z = 10)
+```
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+# TODO: will this function call work?
+add3()
+```
+
+%% Cell type:markdown id: tags:
+
+## fruitful function versus void function
+- fruitful function: returns something
+    - ex: add3
+- void function: doesn't return anything
+    - ex: bad_add3_v1
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+# Example of void function
+def bad_add3_v1(x, y, z):
+    print(x + y + z)
+
+print(bad_add3_v1(4, 2, 1))
+```
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+print(bad_add3_v1(4, 2, 1) ** 2) # Cannot apply mathematical operator to None
+```
+
+%% Cell type:markdown id: tags:
+
+### `return` statement is final
+- exactly *one* `return` statement gets executed for a function call
+- immediately after encountering `return`, function execution terminates
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+def bad_add3_v2(x, y, z):
+    return x
+    return x + y + z      # will never execute
+
+bad_add3_v2(50, 60, 70)
+```
+
+%% Cell type:markdown id: tags:
+
+## Tracing
+- Try tracing this manually...
+- ...then use [PythonTutor](https://pythontutor.com/visualize.html#code=def%20func_c%28%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22C%22%29%0A%0Adef%20func_b%28%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22B1%22%29%0A%20%20%20%20func_c%28%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22B2%22%29%0A%0Adef%20func_a%28%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22A1%22%29%0A%20%20%20%20func_b%28%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22A2%22%29%0A%0Afunc_a%28%29&cumulative=false&heapPrimitives=nevernest&mode=edit&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=3&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false)
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+def func_c():
+    print("C")
+
+def func_b():
+    print("B1")
+    func_c()
+    print("B2")
+
+def func_a():
+    print("A1")
+    func_b()
+    print("A2")
+
+func_a()
+```
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+# Explain worksheet, start part one of each problem
+# This worksheet has questions very similar to your exam!
+```
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+```

f23/Cole_Lecture_Notes/12_Iteration_Practice/Lec_12_Iteration_Practice_Template_Nelson.ipynb

+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+# Warmup 1: Jupyter Notebook stuck in [*]?
+#           Press the stop button! It's probably waiting for input.
+#           Otherwise, restart the kernal! (and run the cells)
+
+x = int(input("Type in a number: "))
+print("The number is " + str(x), x + 1, x + 2, x + 3, x + 4, sep=" then ", end="!\n")
+```
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+# Warmup 2: Write a function that prints the factorial of parameter num
+def do_factorial(num):
+    pass
+```
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+# Warmup 3: Complete the code to print a treasure map where an X is placed
+#           treasure_row, treasure_col (starting from 0)
+def print_treasure_map(symbol='-', height=4, width=4, treasure_row=2, treasure_col=2):
+    i = 0
+    while ???: # TODO: Complete the loop condition for printing out each row.
+        j = 0
+        while j < width:
+            if ???: # TODO: Complete the if condition for checking if we print an X or the symbol.
+                print('X', end="")
+            else:
+                print(symbol, end="")
+            j += ??? # TODO: Complete the statement so we do not run into an infinite loop.
+        print()
+        i += 1
+
+print_treasure_map()
+print_treasure_map(width=10, height=10)
+print_treasure_map('#', 7, 4, treasure_row=0, treasure_col=1)
+print_treasure_map('.', 5, 8, 3, 6)
+```
+
+%% Cell type:markdown id: tags:
+
+# CS220: Lecture 12
+
+
+## Learning Objectives
+After this lecture you will be able to...
+- Iterate through a dataset using for idx in range(project.count())
+- Compute the frequency of data that meets a certain criteria
+- Find the maximum or minimum value of a numeric column in a dataset
+- Use break and continue in for loops when processing a dataset
+- Handle missing numeric values when computing a maximum/minimum
+- Use the index of a maximum or minimum to access other information about that data item
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+import project
+```
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+help(project)
+```
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+# Get the total # of responses
+project.count()
+```
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+# Get the first student's primary major.
+# With indices, we always start from 0!
+project.get_primary_major(0)
+```
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+# Example 1: Print and Break
+for i in range(project.count()):
+    print (i, project.get_primary_major(i))
+    if i == 10:
+        break
+```
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+# TODO: Write the same code as above using a while loop!
+```
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+# Example 2: How many students are not in Computer Science?
+non_cs = 0
+for i in range(project.count()):
+    major = project.get_primary_major(i)
+    if major == "Computer Science":
+        continue
+    non_cs += 1
+print(non_cs, "out of", project.count(), "are non-cs!")
+```
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+# TODO:   How many students are in Data Science or Statistics?
+# BONUS:  Can you express this as a percentage?
+# BONUS+: ...rounded to 2 decimal places?
+```
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+# max = 0 # don't use built-in function names as variables
+max_age = 0
+for i in range(project.count()):
+    student_age = project.get_age(i)
+    if student_age > max_age:
+            max_age = student_age
+print("The oldest student is", max_age)
+
+# HINT: Did everyone fill out an age?
+```
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+# TODO: What is the age of the youngest student?
+```
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+# Example 5: How many early birds are there below the age of 21?
+
+early_birds = 0
+for i in range(project.count()):
+    sleep_habit = project.get_sleep_habit(i)
+    age = project.get_age(i)
+    if age != "":
+        age = int(age)
+        if ???: # TODO Complete this condition!
+            early_birds += 1
+
+print("There are", early_birds, "early birds below the age of 21.")
+```
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+# TODO:   What percentage of 20-year-olds are early birds?
+# BOUNUS: How can we generalize our code to 'What percentage of x-year-olds are early birds?'
+```
+
+%% Cell type:code id: tags:
+
+``` python
+# Other tasks for you to try...
+#  - What is the average age of the class?
+#  - What is the class's favorite pizza topping?
+#  - What is the most popular major?
+#  - For all students that have another major, print out what it is.
+#  - What zip code do the majority of pineapple-eating night owls live in?
+```

f23/Cole_Lecture_Notes/12_Iteration_Practice/project.py

+__student__ = []
+
+
+def __init__():
+    import csv
+    """This function will read in the csv_file and store it in a list of dictionaries"""
+    __student__.clear()
+    with open('cs220_survey_data.csv', mode='r', encoding='utf-8') as csv_file:
+        csv_reader = csv.DictReader(csv_file)
+        for row in csv_reader:
+            __student__.append(row)
+
+def count():
+    """This function will return the number of records in the dataset"""
+    return len(__student__)
+
+
+def get_lecture(idx):
+    """get_lecture(idx) returns the lecture of the student in row idx"""
+    return __student__[int(idx)]['Lecture']
+
+
+def get_section(idx):
+    """get_lecture(idx) returns the section of the student in row idx"""
+    return __student__[int(idx)]['section']
+
+
+def get_age(idx):
+    """get_age(idx) returns the age of the student in row idx"""
+    return __student__[int(idx)]['Age']
+
+
+def get_primary_major(idx):
+    """get_primary_major(idx) returns the primary major of the student in row idx"""
+    return __student__[int(idx)]['Primary major']
+
+
+def get_other_majors(idx):
+    """get_other_majors(idx) returns the secondary major of the student in row idx"""
+    return __student__[int(idx)]['Other majors']
+
+
+def get_zip_code(idx):
+    """get_zip_code(idx) returns the residential zip code of the student in row idx"""
+    return __student__[int(idx)]['Zip Code']
+
+
+def get_pizza_topping(idx):
+    """get_pizza_topping(idx) returns the preferred pizza toppings of the student in row idx"""
+    return __student__[int(idx)]['Pizza topping']
+
+def get_cats_or_dogs(idx):
+    """get_cats_or_dogs(idx) returns whether student in row idx likes cats or dogs"""
+    return __student__[int(idx)]['Cats or dogs']
+
+def get_runner(idx):
+    """get_runner(idx) returns whether student in row idx is a runner"""
+    return __student__[int(idx)]['Runner']
+
+def get_sleep_habit(idx):
+    """get_sleep_habit(idx) returns the sleep habit of the student in row idx"""
+    return __student__[int(idx)]['Sleep habit']
+
+def get_procrastinator(idx):
+    """get_procrastinator(idx) returns whether student in row idx is a procrastinator"""
+    return __student__[int(idx)]['Procrastinator']
+
+
+def get_song(idx):
+    """get_procrastinator(idx) returns the student in row idx favorite song"""
+    return __student__[int(idx)]['Song']
+
+
+__init__()