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# Read-only Access
We've opened up the `autobadger` tool in attempt to make things more visible to you and less of a "black box". We've done this by making the repository *read-only*, meaning you should be able to `git clone` the repo but not `git push` to it.
To start, navigate to a directory outside of any class project. I'd recommend cloning to the same directory as your projects.
```bash
git clone https://oauth2:glpat-CSTX_tgpf38eJHyUW213@git.doit.wisc.edu/cdis/cs/courses/cs544/s25/tools/autobadger.git
```
> **NOTE**: if you want to use this method throughout the semester, you'll need to `git pull` to get up-to-date code for each project.
Your folder structure should look something like
```
some-directory/
autobadger/
p1/
p2/
... # other projects
```
# Making Changes
You can change the code inside of `autobadger`. The only files that will be of interest to you are inside the `projects/` directory, i.e. `projects/*.py`). Your changes will be for debugging, i.e. `print()` or `breakpoint()` statements.
#### Using `pip`
For whatever project you're working on, you will need to *apply* any changes you make using `pip`
For example, assuming
- I'm working on `p2`
- in my `p2` directory
- and have my `venv` activated
I would do something like:
```bash
pip3 install ../autobadger/.
```
This would install and replace my local version of `autobadger` . Now when I run
```
autobadger --project=p2
```
I will see my changes in effect.
# Breakpoints
Since `breakpoint()` is less known and straightforward, I will teach about it here.
> **NOTE**: It is not required to use `breakpoint()`. You are also welcome to use `print()` instead. `breakpoint()` has a **steeper learning curve**, but may **help you iterate more quickly and save you time** once the basic concepts are well-understood.
### What is a breakpoint?
`breakpoint()` is a built-in function in Python and starts the **debugger** at the point where it is called. It allows developers to inspect variables, step through code, and debug interactively.
#### Simple Example:
```python
# Inside of /path/to/file.py
def calculate_sum(a, b):
breakpoint() # Debugger starts here
return a + b
calculate_sum(3, 5) # execute function
```
Adding a `breakpoint()` will pause execution, allowing you to inspect `a` and `b` before proceeding. I would see something like:
```
> /path/to/file.py(3)calculate_sum()
-> return a + b
```
in the terminal, which displays
1. the next line to be executed `return a + b`
2. `(3)calculate_sum()` tells me the line number and the function name (if applicable)
3. `/path/to/file.py` tells me the current file
### Navigating the debugger
While the Python debugger is active, you can use several commands to navigate through your program and investigate.
- `Variable name`: I can type any variable that is in scope and get it's value.
- Ex: Typing `a` in the previous example would return the *value* of `a`
- **NOTE**: if a variable name also coincides with a command keyword in the debugger, you may need to use `print(<variable_name>)` instead. `b` is one of those commands, so to print the value of `b` to the terminal, I would need to do `print(b)`:
- `Evaluation`: I can also evaluate statements (i.e. add two numbers)
```
In [3]: calculate_sum(3, 5)
> <ipython-input-2-443b6e8e0b0a>(3)calculate_sum()
-> return a + b
(Pdb) print(a)
3
(Pdb) print(b)
5
(Pdb) print(a + b)
8
```
- `n`: Steps to the next line of my program
- `c`: Continues execution of the program until the next breakpoint, or until the program ends.
- `s`: Steps *into* a function or method call
- `exit`: kills the debugger and ends the program
# An example
### Using breakpoints
Suppose I want to investigate `Q4` for `p2`. I can add `breakpoint()` statements to the Q4 test method for the `ProjectTwoTest` class.
Navigating to `projects/p2.py` inside of `autobadger`, I find:
```python
@graded(Q=4, points=10)
def test_simple_http(self) -> int | TestError:
address = self._test_cache_server("-cache-1")
if isinstance(address, TestError):
return address
r = requests.get(f"{address}/lookup/53706")
r.raise_for_status()
result = r.json()
if "addrs" not in result or "source" not in result:
return TestError(
message=f"Result body should be JSON with 'addrs' and 'source' fields, but got {result}.",
earned=5,
)
return 10
```
> Note: This is Q4 since I have `Q=4` in the decorator.
**I can edit this method by adding *breakpoints*!**
```python
@graded(Q=4, points=10)
def test_simple_http(self) -> int | TestError:
breakpoint()
address = self._test_cache_server("-cache-1")
if isinstance(address, TestError):
return address
r = requests.get(f"{address}/lookup/53706")
breakpoint()
r.raise_for_status()
result = r.json()
if "addrs" not in result or "source" not in result:
return TestError(
message=f"Result body should be JSON with 'addrs' and 'source' fields, but got {result}.",
earned=5,
)
return 10
```
Now, after I update with `pip` as mentioned above, I can run `autobadger --project=p2` and get:
```
> /Users/.../p2.py(103)test_simple_http()
-> address = self._test_cache_server("-cache-1")
```
Note that in this situation, typing `address` would give me an error cause it **not yet defined**:
```
(Pdb) address
*** NameError: name 'address' is not defined
```
###### Using `n` (next line)
`address` defined on the *next line*. So, I use the `n` command to step!
```
(Pdb) n
> /Users/.../p2.py(104)test_simple_http()
-> if isinstance(address, TestError):
(Pdb) address
'http://localhost:64879'
```
###### Using `s` (step into)
I could have also used `s` to *step into* `self._test_cache_server(...)` if I had wanted to investigate further:
```
> /Users/.../p2.py(103)test_simple_http()
-> address = self._test_cache_server("-cache-1")
(Pdb) s
--Call--
> /Users/.../p2.py(118)_test_cache_server()
-> def _test_cache_server(self, server_suffix: str) -> str | TestError:
# Now in a new method — _test_cache_server
(Pdb) n
> /Users/.../p2.py(119)_test_cache_server()
-> cache_server = [c for c in self.containers if c["Name"].endswith(server_suffix)]
```
###### Using `c` (continue)
I can also *continue* till the next breakpoint, which is quite convenient if you don't need to step over every line of code:
```
> /Users/.../p2.py(103)test_simple_http()
-> address = self._test_cache_server("-cache-1")
(Pdb) c
> /Users/.../p2.py(108)test_simple_http()
-> r.raise_for_status()
(Pdb) print(r.json())
{'addrs': [...], 'error': None, 'source': '...'}
```
Using `c` jumped from line `103` to line `108`, where I had my two breakpoints defined.
> **NOTE**: using `c` again would continue the Python program till the end of its execution since I have no other `breakpoint()` statements
\ No newline at end of file
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......@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@ FROM ubuntu:24.04
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y python3 python3-pip curl iproute2
COPY requirements.txt /tmp/requirements.txt
RUN pip3 install -r /tmp/requirements.txt --break-system-packages
CMD ["python3", "-m", "jupyterlab", "--no-browser", "--ip=0.0.0.0", "--port=????", "--allow-root", "--NotebookApp.token=''"]
CMD ["python3", "-m", "jupyterlab", "--no-browser", "--ip=0.0.0.0", "--port=600", "--allow-root", "--NotebookApp.token=''"]
FROM ubuntu:24.04
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y python3 python3-pip curl iproute2 wget unzip
COPY requirements.txt /tmp/requirements.txt
RUN pip3 install -r /tmp/requirements.txt --break-system-packages
RUN wget https://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~harter/cs544/data/hdma-wi-2021.zip && unzip hdma-wi-2021.zip
CMD ["python3", "-m", "jupyterlab", "--no-browser", "--ip=0.0.0.0", "--port=300", "--allow-root", "--NotebookApp.token=''"]
This diff is collapsed.
This diff is collapsed.
anyio==4.4.0
argon2-cffi==23.1.0
argon2-cffi-bindings==21.2.0
arrow==1.3.0
asttokens==2.4.1
async-lru==2.0.4
attrs==24.2.0
babel==2.16.0
beautifulsoup4==4.12.3
bleach==6.1.0
certifi==2024.8.30
cffi==1.17.1
charset-normalizer==3.3.2
comm==0.2.2
debugpy==1.8.5
decorator==5.1.1
defusedxml==0.7.1
executing==2.1.0
fastjsonschema==2.20.0
fqdn==1.5.1
h11==0.14.0
httpcore==1.0.5
httpx==0.27.2
idna==3.10
ipykernel==6.29.5
ipython==8.27.0
isoduration==20.11.0
jedi==0.19.1
Jinja2==3.1.4
json5==0.9.25
jsonpointer==3.0.0
jsonschema==4.23.0
jsonschema-specifications==2023.12.1
jupyter-events==0.10.0
jupyter-lsp==2.2.5
jupyter_client==8.6.3
jupyter_core==5.7.2
jupyter_server==2.14.2
jupyter_server_terminals==0.5.3
jupyterlab==4.2.5
jupyterlab_pygments==0.3.0
jupyterlab_server==2.27.3
MarkupSafe==2.1.5
matplotlib-inline==0.1.7
mistune==3.0.2
nbclient==0.10.0
nbconvert==7.16.4
nbformat==5.10.4
nest-asyncio==1.6.0
notebook_shim==0.2.4
numpy==2.1.1
overrides==7.7.0
packaging==24.1
pandas==2.2.3
pandocfilters==1.5.1
parso==0.8.4
pexpect==4.9.0
platformdirs==4.3.3
prometheus_client==0.20.0
prompt_toolkit==3.0.47
psutil==6.0.0
ptyprocess==0.7.0
pure_eval==0.2.3
pyarrow==17.0.0
pycparser==2.22
Pygments==2.18.0
python-dateutil==2.9.0.post0
python-json-logger==2.0.7
pytz==2024.2
PyYAML==6.0.2
pyzmq==26.2.0
referencing==0.35.1
requests==2.32.3
rfc3339-validator==0.1.4
rfc3986-validator==0.1.1
rpds-py==0.20.0
Send2Trash==1.8.3
setuptools==68.1.2
six==1.16.0
sniffio==1.3.1
soupsieve==2.6
stack-data==0.6.3
terminado==0.18.1
tinycss2==1.3.0
tornado==6.4.1
traitlets==5.14.3
types-python-dateutil==2.9.0.20240906
tzdata==2024.2
uri-template==1.3.0
urllib3==2.2.3
wcwidth==0.2.13
webcolors==24.8.0
webencodings==0.5.1
websocket-client==1.8.0
wheel==0.42.0
FROM ubuntu:24.04
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y python3 python3-pip curl iproute2 wget unzip software-properties-common
RUN add-apt-repository -y ppa:deadsnakes/ppa && apt-get update && apt-get install -y python3.13-nogil python3.13-dev libffi-dev
RUN curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py -o get-pip.py
RUN python3.13-nogil get-pip.py
COPY requirements.txt /tmp/requirements.txt
RUN python3.13 -m pip install -r /tmp/requirements.txt --break-system-packages
RUN python3.13-nogil -m pip install ipykernel
RUN python3.13-nogil -m ipykernel install --user --name python3.13-nogil --display-name "Python 3.13-nogil"
# JupyterLab needs GIL, but kernel does not
CMD ["python3.13", "-m", "jupyterlab", "--no-browser", "--ip=0.0.0.0", "--port=300", "--allow-root", "--NotebookApp.token=''"]
%% Cell type:code id:3b8d1ed9-9568-473e-bfa2-3b08f9e4587f tags:
``` python
import threading
import time
def task():
print("hi from thread ID:", threading.get_native_id())
t = threading.Thread(target=task)
t.start()
print("hi from main thread, ID:", threading.get_native_id())
```
%% Output
hi from thread ID:hi from main thread, ID: 65
125
%% Cell type:code id:651dc205-4fdc-4054-be28-b19e2e798017 tags:
``` python
total = 0
def task(count):
global total
for i in range(count):
total += 1
t = threading.Thread(target=task, args=[1_000_000])
t.start()
t.join() # wait until it exits
print(total)
```
%% Output
1000000
%% Cell type:code id:5eb4a3e1-decf-4352-b61c-b10e53aec763 tags:
``` python
total
```
%% Output
1000
%% Cell type:code id:ceeb7904-ff2c-424c-bf7c-724d1b285e3b tags:
``` python
total = 0
def task(count):
global total
for i in range(count):
total += 1
t1 = threading.Thread(target=task, args=[1_000_000])
t1.start()
t2 = threading.Thread(target=task, args=[1_000_000])
t2.start()
t1.join()
t2.join()
total
```
%% Output
1084635
%% Cell type:code id:48a5226c-6d63-4062-a2be-f7dd890c4dc1 tags:
``` python
import dis
dis.dis("total += 1")
```
%% Output
0 RESUME 0
1 LOAD_NAME 0 (total)
LOAD_CONST 0 (1)
BINARY_OP 13 (+=)
STORE_NAME 0 (total)
RETURN_CONST 1 (None)
%% Cell type:code id:3b8d1ed9-9568-473e-bfa2-3b08f9e4587f tags:
``` python
import threading
import time
```
%% Cell type:code id:da885575-cedf-4bb4-8bbd-44400974d3f8 tags:
``` python
import dis
dis.dis("total += 1")
```
%% Output
0 RESUME 0
1 LOAD_NAME 0 (total)
LOAD_CONST 0 (1)
BINARY_OP 13 (+=)
STORE_NAME 0 (total)
RETURN_CONST 1 (None)
%% Cell type:code id:ceeb7904-ff2c-424c-bf7c-724d1b285e3b tags:
``` python
%%time
# 133 ms with no locks
# 348 ms with locks (fine grained)
# 124 ms with locks (coarse grained)
lock = threading.Lock() # this protects the "total" variable
total = 0
def task(count):
global total
lock.acquire()
for i in range(count):
total += 1
lock.release()
t1 = threading.Thread(target=task, args=[1_000_000])
t1.start()
t2 = threading.Thread(target=task, args=[1_000_000])
t2.start()
t1.join()
t2.join()
total
```
%% Output
CPU times: user 133 ms, sys: 144 μs, total: 133 ms
Wall time: 129 ms
2000000
%% Cell type:code id:042356c8-7d34-4fa5-bef1-0c43e829fc13 tags:
``` python
import threading
bank_accounts = {"x": 25, "y": 100, "z": 200} # in dollars
lock = threading.Lock() # protects bank_accounts
def transfer(src, dst, amount):
with lock: # automatically acquire now, and release after the with statement
success = False
if bank_accounts[src] >= amount:
bank_accounts[src] -= amount
bank_accounts[dst] += amount
success = True
print("transferred" if success else "denied")
print("locked inside with?", lock.locked())
print("locked after with?", lock.locked())
```
%% Cell type:code id:1878620a-553b-4f25-9606-1e2605b318ac tags:
``` python
transfer("x", "y", 20)
```
%% Output
transferred
locked inside with? True
locked after with? False
%% Cell type:code id:8901ec24-7471-40e1-8182-585d3cc760c7 tags:
``` python
bank_accounts
```
%% Output
{'x': 5, 'y': 120, 'z': 200}
%% Cell type:code id:9cee2370-0f3d-4ac0-930a-c59f9f0d7f1b tags:
``` python
transfer("x", "z", 10)
```
%% Output
denied
locked inside with? True
locked after with? False
%% Cell type:code id:3a583c7c-57a3-4f42-8301-8ce601a2249e tags:
``` python
bank_accounts
```
%% Output
{'x': 5, 'y': 120, 'z': 200}
%% Cell type:code id:3346b86d-5f80-4007-8879-b452c4826c50 tags:
``` python
transfer("w", "z", 10)
```
%% Output
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
KeyError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[8], line 1
----> 1 transfer("w", "z", 10)
Cell In[3], line 9, in transfer(src, dst, amount)
7 with lock:
8 success = False
----> 9 if bank_accounts[src] >= amount:
10 bank_accounts[src] -= amount
11 bank_accounts[dst] += amount
KeyError: 'w'
%% Cell type:code id:02262baa-6f4f-455e-b913-accfa894cc18 tags:
``` python
transfer("z", "x", 3)
```
%% Output
transferred
locked inside with? True
locked after with? False
%% Cell type:code id:1b338a2c-1274-41e8-9179-89b797e4ec2f tags:
``` python
bank_accounts
```
%% Output
{'x': 8, 'y': 120, 'z': 197}
%% Cell type:code id:de014d74-4685-4f16-85fd-f571fd5a91db tags:
``` python
import threading
```
%% Cell type:code id:af3da760-5f6e-40c7-94cd-b505abe59012 tags:
``` python
def task():
print("hello from thread ID:", threading.get_native_id())
#task()
t = threading.Thread(target=task)
t.start()
print("hello from main thread, with ID:", threading.get_native_id())
```
%% Output
hello from thread ID:hello from main thread, with ID: 589
602
%% Cell type:code id:3dd19fcb-2c4a-4b26-b72f-3b87bd8e5bb5 tags:
``` python
total = 0
def task(count):
global total
for i in range(count):
total += 1
t = threading.Thread(target=task, args=[1_000_000])
t.start()
t.join() # wait until the thread is done before we continue
total
```
%% Output
1000000
%% Cell type:code id:de6ce736-5bdf-42b9-b98c-afee738b8f94 tags:
``` python
total
```
%% Output
1000000
%% Cell type:code id:b735264e-f27a-4d27-ba5f-4d6a1f53543e tags:
``` python
total = 0
def task(count):
global total
for i in range(count):
total += 1
t1 = threading.Thread(target=task, args=[1_000_000])
t1.start()
t2 = threading.Thread(target=task, args=[1_000_000])
t2.start()
t1.join()
t2.join()
total
```
%% Output
1100428
%% Cell type:code id:c3d4a396-1793-4504-b2ff-fb8b81ae48d5 tags:
``` python
import dis
dis.dis("total += 1")
```
%% Output
0 RESUME 0
1 LOAD_NAME 0 (total)
LOAD_CONST 0 (1)
BINARY_OP 13 (+=)
STORE_NAME 0 (total)
RETURN_CONST 1 (None)
%% Cell type:code id:de014d74-4685-4f16-85fd-f571fd5a91db tags:
``` python
import threading
```
%% Cell type:code id:82b2f08c-1a13-4a0f-9546-e5d624dbee5b tags:
``` python
import dis
dis.dis("total += 1")
```
%% Output
0 RESUME 0
1 LOAD_NAME 0 (total)
LOAD_CONST 0 (1)
BINARY_OP 13 (+=)
STORE_NAME 0 (total)
RETURN_CONST 1 (None)
%% Cell type:code id:ae617ed8-dd51-4154-ad83-308df527d1f1 tags:
``` python
import threading
```
%% Cell type:code id:b735264e-f27a-4d27-ba5f-4d6a1f53543e tags:
``` python
%%time
# 141 ms (no locks)
# 340 ms (fine-grained locking)
# 122 ms (coarse-grained locking)
lock = threading.Lock() # this protects total
total = 0
def task(count):
global total
lock.acquire()
for i in range(count):
total += 1
lock.release()
t1 = threading.Thread(target=task, args=[1_000_000])
t1.start()
t2 = threading.Thread(target=task, args=[1_000_000])
t2.start()
t1.join()
t2.join()
total
```
%% Output
CPU times: user 151 ms, sys: 0 ns, total: 151 ms
Wall time: 148 ms
2000000
%% Cell type:code id:7cf83d46-b7db-4ab6-b0bb-4b35fecba5b2 tags:
``` python
bank_accounts = {"x": 25, "y": 100, "z": 200} # in dollars
lock = threading.Lock() # protects bank_accounts
def transfer(src, dst, amount):
with lock: # automatically acquire now, automatically release after the with
success = False
if bank_accounts[src] >= amount:
bank_accounts[src] -= amount
bank_accounts[dst] += amount
success = True
print("transferred" if success else "denied")
print("is it locked inside the with?", lock.locked())
print("is it locked after the with?", lock.locked())
```
%% Cell type:code id:c9f19a3d-172f-4103-b631-11b42a8dc94c tags:
``` python
transfer("x", "y", 20)
bank_accounts
```
%% Output
transferred
is it locked inside the with? True
is it locked after the with? False
{'x': 5, 'y': 120, 'z': 200}
%% Cell type:code id:bdd94c73-dd01-4b9e-aecc-70faff00685d tags:
``` python
transfer("x", "z", 10)
bank_accounts
```
%% Output
denied
is it locked inside the with? True
is it locked after the with? False
{'x': 5, 'y': 120, 'z': 200}
%% Cell type:code id:41f9d7d2-86f8-433c-bf56-724a7f445753 tags:
``` python
transfer("w", "z", 10) # there is no "w" bank account
bank_accounts
```
%% Output
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
KeyError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[8], line 1
----> 1 transfer("w", "z", 10) # there is no "w" bank account
2 bank_accounts
Cell In[5], line 7, in transfer(src, dst, amount)
5 with lock: # automatically acquire now, automatically release after the with
6 success = False
----> 7 if bank_accounts[src] >= amount:
8 bank_accounts[src] -= amount
9 bank_accounts[dst] += amount
KeyError: 'w'
%% Cell type:code id:f193975b-6f75-4c3c-b789-c494ad1130a6 tags:
``` python
transfer("z", "y", 50)
bank_accounts
```
%% Output
transferred
is it locked inside the with? True
is it locked after the with? False
{'x': 5, 'y': 170, 'z': 150}
%% Cell type:code id:cd9dd92a-3d2c-47c7-85f1-4bec952d1a67 tags:
``` python
```
anyio==4.8.0
argon2-cffi==23.1.0
argon2-cffi-bindings==21.2.0
arrow==1.3.0
asttokens==3.0.0
async-lru==2.0.4
attrs==25.1.0
babel==2.17.0
beautifulsoup4==4.13.3
bleach==6.2.0
blinker==1.7.0
certifi==2025.1.31
cffi==1.17.1
charset-normalizer==3.4.1
comm==0.2.2
cryptography==41.0.7
dbus-python==1.3.2
debugpy==1.8.12
decorator==5.1.1
defusedxml==0.7.1
distro==1.9.0
distro-info==1.7+build1
executing==2.2.0
fastjsonschema==2.21.1
fqdn==1.5.1
h11==0.14.0
httpcore==1.0.7
httplib2==0.20.4
httpx==0.28.1
idna==3.10
ipykernel==6.29.5
ipython==8.32.0
isoduration==20.11.0
jedi==0.19.2
Jinja2==3.1.5
json5==0.10.0
jsonpointer==3.0.0
jsonschema==4.23.0
jsonschema-specifications==2024.10.1
jupyter-events==0.12.0
jupyter-lsp==2.2.5
jupyter_client==8.6.3
jupyter_core==5.7.2
jupyter_server==2.15.0
jupyter_server_terminals==0.5.3
jupyterlab==4.3.5
jupyterlab_pygments==0.3.0
jupyterlab_server==2.27.3
launchpadlib==1.11.0
lazr.restfulclient==0.14.6
lazr.uri==1.0.6
MarkupSafe==3.0.2
matplotlib-inline==0.1.7
mistune==3.1.1
nbclient==0.10.2
nbconvert==7.16.6
nbformat==5.10.4
nest-asyncio==1.6.0
notebook_shim==0.2.4
oauthlib==3.2.2
overrides==7.7.0
packaging==24.2
pandocfilters==1.5.1
parso==0.8.4
pexpect==4.9.0
platformdirs==4.3.6
prometheus_client==0.21.1
prompt_toolkit==3.0.50
psutil==6.1.1
ptyprocess==0.7.0
pure_eval==0.2.3
pycparser==2.22
Pygments==2.19.1
PyGObject==3.48.2
PyJWT==2.7.0
pyparsing==3.1.1
python-apt==2.7.7+ubuntu4
python-dateutil==2.9.0.post0
python-json-logger==3.2.1
PyYAML==6.0.2
pyzmq==26.2.1
referencing==0.36.2
requests==2.32.3
rfc3339-validator==0.1.4
rfc3986-validator==0.1.1
rpds-py==0.22.3
Send2Trash==1.8.3
setuptools==68.1.2
six==1.16.0
sniffio==1.3.1
soupsieve==2.6
stack-data==0.6.3
terminado==0.18.1
tinycss2==1.4.0
tornado==6.4.2
traitlets==5.14.3
types-python-dateutil==2.9.0.20241206
typing_extensions==4.12.2
unattended-upgrades==0.1
uri-template==1.3.0
urllib3==2.3.0
wadllib==1.3.6
wcwidth==0.2.13
webcolors==24.11.1
webencodings==0.5.1
websocket-client==1.8.0
wheel==0.42.0